Toronto and York Radial Railway.

The Metropolitan Division of this line from Toronto to Newmarket, Ont., has been extended to Jackson's Point, Lake Simcoe, a further distance of 24.72 miles.

The line has been built entirely on the company's own right of way, 66 ft. wide, with greater widths where heavy cuts required them. One cut is 31 ft. deep. The right of way cost about $1,500 a mile. The heaviest curve outside the town of Newmarket is a 5° curve. The next is a 3°, 50" curve at Roach's Point. All others are 2° curves or under. All curves of 1° or over have transition curves at each end. The maximum gradient outside of Newmarket is 1 1/2 per cent. The grading amounted to a little over 8,000 cubic yards per mile. There are two long trestles on the line; one at Newmarket at the overhead crossing of the G.T.R., 800 ft. long, including a plate girder span 82 ft. long over that railway, resting on concrete piers. The trestle is of wood, with a wooden Howe truss span of 50 ft. in the middle over the Holland River. The other is a pile trestle 332 ft. long over the Jersey River near Keswick. The line is well ballasted, having 1.0 inches of ballast under the ties The rails are of 60 lbs. section made by the Algoma Steel Co., and are 33 ft. long. Cedar ties are used throughout. There are five through sidings, giving 700 ft. of clear siding room, and one through siding at Newmarket 1,300 ft. long. These sidings all turn out on the same side, and leave the main line on the proper alignment. No. 9 fangs are used. The points reached by this line are Newmarket, Sharon, Queensville, Ravenshoe (about one mile to east), Keswick, Orchard Beach (summer resort), Roach's Point (village with large summer population), Morton Park, Stouffville-on-the-Lake (summer resort), and Jackson's Point, with the village of Sutton one mile south. About 17 miles of the line is in view of Lake Simcoe throughout, and in most places is only far enough from the lake to avoid interference with the building of cottages and other resort buildings.

The feeder system of this line seems somewhat erratic at first glance, but this is caused by the peculiar gradients that had to be encountered in laying the track over one of the highest points in Ontario—the Pinnacle Hill—some 600 ft. higher than the southern terminus. The power for this line is supplied partly from Niagara Falls and by two generating stations and one sub-station. The generating stations are situated at Bond Lake and Keswick, and the sub-station in Newmarket. The power stalion at Keswick contains three Scotch marine boilers of 250 h.p. each, built by the Poison Iron Works, and equipped with automatic stokers, and fans driven by ideal engines. The coal is brought in at the back of the boiler room and emptied into the bins, and from there fired by hand to the hoppers of the stokers. A steel stack 50 ft. high and 50 ins. in diameter takes off all flue gases. Three 8-inch leads connect to a 15 in. main, and from there 2 ft. 7 in. headers are taken to two 500 h.p. cross compound condensing engines. Steam separators are installed above the throttle valves and steam is used at 130 lbs. pressure. A vacuum of 25 ins. is maintained by an independent jet condensor located in the basement, which is large enough to take care of both engines. The engines are 18×36×18 ins., and are belted direct to four compound wound d.c. generators built by the Canadian General Electric Co., and supply current at 625 volts to the switchboard, on which is located all the necessary -witches, circuit breakers, ammeters, etc., for distribution of current to the line. Six 4-0 feeders leave this station, two going north five miles, two going direct to the line at the station and two going south, a distance of four miles, and the switchboard is wired to allow of these circuits being cut and independent of each other, and with trolley breaks at proper places. There is also a 4-0 feed and 4-0 trolley the full length of the line, which is in addition to any other feeder mentioned. A high pressure air pump pumps air at 350 lbs., for the air brake on the cars, to a tank located at the track. The injection water is taken direct from Lake Simcoe, and the condensed steam is pumped through a heater to the boilers, l 1/2 in. injectors are also used in case the. boiler pump should happen to fail. The building is well lighted with windows by day and 5 arc lamps at night, and is located about 11 miles south of Jackson's Point. This station, although not built along the lines of the latest electrical engineering, was considered good practice by the company on account of the close proximity of Niagara power.

The sub-station at Newmarket, 14 miles south of Keswick, contains 2 Westinghouse rotary converters with step-down transformers and switchboards, with necessary switches, circuit-breakers, etc. The rotaries are 125 k.w. each, and start from the a.c. side, and synchronize dark. The current on the a.c. side is 350 volts, and is delivered to the line at 570 d.c. Two 500,000 cm. lead-covered cables bring the current from the lightning arrester in the basement here to the first trolley post, where it is taken up and joins the regular feeder, one going each way. A car compressor is situated in the basement, and compressed air is used for cleaning the machines. The entire equipment of this station was furnished by the Westinghouse Co.

The station at Bond Lake, 10 miles south of Newmarket, contains four horizontal tubular boilers of 150 h.p. each, and one Scotch marine boiler of 250 h.p., built by the Poison Iron Works. The boilers are hand fired and connected to a 14 in. steam main by 6 in. leads. The steam is taken from here to two 350 h.p. and one 500 h.p. cross compound condensing engines. The 350 h.p. engines are 17J^×32×42, and are belted direct to two 275 k.w. Westinghouse double current compound wound machines. These supply a.c. current at 350 volts 60-cycle, and this is stepped up to 16,500 volts for transmission to the Newmarket substation. The high tension line is transposed six times in this distance. These engines exhaust into independent jet condensors, and the condensed steam is pumped through heaters in the exhaust pipes back to the boilers. Steam is used at a pressure of 115 lbs., and a vacuum of 26 in. is maintained. The current on the d.c. side is generated at 570 volts, and sent direct through the switchboard to the line. The 500 h.p. engine in this station is similar to those at Keswick, and operates under the same conditions. Another compressor operated at 350 lbs. pressure is situated in the basement at Bond Lake. This station supplies current as far south as Thornhill—a distance of say 10 miles—where a trolley break is inserted, and from there down to North Toronto current is supplied by the Toronto Railway Co. and Niagara Falls power. Two 500,000 cm. covered cables and one 4-0 covered feeder supplies current for this part of the line—a distance of 9 miles.

Recording steam gauges and recording volt meters are used at Keswick and Bond Lake Stations. The cars are despatched by means of the company's own telephone system. A bare copper circuit is strung on the same cross arms as the feeder.

The extension was announced to be opened for traffic June 1, with a service of four trips a day.

Railways: T. & Y.Rad.Ry.

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